GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA
1989 SESSION
CHAPTER 589
The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts:
Section 1. Article 58 of Chapter 14 of the General Statutes reads as rewritten:
"§ 14-432.
'Owner' defined. Definitions.
As used in this Article, 'owner' means the person who owns the
sounds fixed in any master phonograph record, master disc, master tape,
master film or other device used for reproducing recorded sounds on phonograph
records, discs, tapes, films or other articles on which sound is or can be recorded
and from which the transferred sounds are directly or indirectly derived. derived,
or the person who owns the rights to record or authorize the recording of a
live performance; 'article' means the tangible medium upon which sounds or
images are recorded or any original phonograph record, disc, tape, audio or
video cassette, wire, film or other medium now known or later developed on
which sounds or images are or can be recorded or otherwise stored, or any copy
or reproduction which duplicates, in whole or in part, the original.
"§ 14-433. Recording of live concerts or recorded sounds and distribution, etc., of such recordings unlawful in certain circumstances.
(a) It shall be unlawful for any person to:
(1) Knowingly transfer or
cause to be transferred, directly or indirectly by any means, any sounds at
a live concert or any sounds recorded on a phonograph record,
disc, wire, tape, film or other article on which sounds are recorded, with the
intent to sell or cause to be sold, or to use or cause to be used for
profit through public performance, such article on which sounds are so
transferred, without consent of the owner, or
(2) Manufacture, distribute
or distribute, wholesale or transport any article for
profit, or possess for such purposes with the knowledge that the sounds are
so transferred, without consent of the owner. owner,
(3) Knowingly transfer or cause to be transferred, directly or indirectly by any means, any sounds at a live concert, with the intent to sell or cause to be sold, or to use or cause to be used for profit through public performance, such article on which sounds are so transferred, without consent of the owner, or
(4) Manufacture, distribute, transport or wholesale any such article for profit, or possess for such purposes with the knowledge that the sounds are so transferred, without consent of the owner.
(b) Subdivisions (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section shall apply only to sound recordings that were initially fixed prior to February 15, 1972. Federal copyright law, 17 U.S.C. § 101 et seq., preempts State prosecution of the acts described in subdivisions (a)(1) and (a)(2) with respect to sound recordings initially fixed on or after February 15, 1972.
(c) This section shall not apply to any person engaged in radio or television broadcasting who transfers, or causes to be transferred, any such sounds other than from the sound track of a motion picture intended for, or in connection with broadcast or telecast transmission or related uses, or for archival purposes.
"§ 14-434. Retailing, etc., of certain recorded devices unlawful.
It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly retail retail,
advertise or offer for sale or resale, sell or resell or cause the sale or
resale, rent or cause to rent, or possess for any of these purposes for
the purpose of retailing any article recorded device that
has been produced, manufactured, distributed, or acquired at wholesale in
violation of any provision of this Chapter.
"§ 14-435. Recorded devices to show true name and address of manufacturer.
Ninety days after January 1, 1975, every recorded
device article knowingly sold or transferred or possessed for
the purpose of sale sale, advertising or offering for sale or
resale, renting or transporting or causing to be rented or transported by
any manufacturer, distributor, or wholesale or retail merchant shall contain on
its packaging the true name and address of the manufacturer. The
term 'manufacturer' shall not include the manufacturer of the cartridge or
casing itself.
"§ 14-436. Recorded devices; civil action for damages.
Any owner of a recorded device an article as
defined in this Chapter whose work is allegedly the subject of a violation of
G.S. 14-433 or 14-434, shall have a cause of action in the courts of this State
for all damages resulting therefrom, including actual, compensatory and
incidental damages.
"§ 14-437.
Violation of Article a misdemeanor Article; penalties.
(a) Every individual act
manufacturer, distribution, sale or transfer of such recorded
devices in contravention of the provisions of this Article shall constitute
a misdemeanor punishable by six months in jail, a fine of up to five hundred
dollars ($500.00), or both. constitute:
(1) A Class I felony, punishable by imprisonment for not more than five years, a fine of not more than one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000), or both, if the offense involves at least 1,000 unauthorized sound recordings or at least 100 unauthorized audio visual recordings during any 180-day period or is a second or subsequent conviction under either subdivision (1) or (2) of this section;
(2) A misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment of not more than two years, a fine of not more than twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000), or both, if the offense involves more than 100 but less than 1,000 unauthorized sound recordings or more than 10 but less than 100 unauthorized audio visual recordings during any 180-day period; or
(3) A misdemeanor, punishable by not more than six months in jail, a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or both, for any other violation of these sections.
(b) If a person is convicted of any violation under this Article, the court, in its judgment of conviction, shall order the forfeiture and destruction or other disposition of:
(1) All infringing articles; and
(2) All implements, devices and equipment used or intended to be used in the manufacture of the infringing articles."
Sec. 2. This act shall become effective November 1, 1989. This act does not affect litigation pending on the effective date of this act.
In the General Assembly read three times and ratified this the 6th day of July, 1989.